CS223 · Chapter 5 · Annotated SlidesThe Characteristic Equation
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The Characteristic Equation

Determinants recalled, the characteristic equation det(A − λI) = 0, algebraic multiplicity, and similar matrices.

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Every original slide is shown unchanged. Yellow marks on a slide point to a numbered note: hover or tap a mark to jump to its note, and hover a note to see its marks. Questions tagged Past exam appeared on a real paper; Prediction questions are likely angles, not confirmed. Pick an answer to each question: a wrong pick tells you why it is wrong, so you can try again.

All 7 slides
  1. 1 Recalling some concepts
  2. 2 Slide 2
  3. 3 Slide 3
  4. 4 Slide 4
  5. 5 Slide 5
  6. 6 Slide 6
  7. 7 Example:
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Recalling some concepts

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Slide 2

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Slide 3

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Notes

  1. λ is an eigenvalue ⇔ det(A − λI) = 0 (the characteristic equation). Multiplicity as a root = algebraic multiplicity.

Exam angle

PredictionQ1

Find the eigenvalues of A = [[2, 3], [3, −6]].

Compare with the model answer

det(A − λI) = (2 − λ)(−6 − λ) − 9 = λ² + 4λ − 21 = (λ + 7)(λ − 3), so λ = 3 and λ = −7.

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Slide 4

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Slide 5

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Notes

  1. Trap Same eigenvalues does NOT imply similar; row-equivalent matrices usually have different eigenvalues.

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Example:

Slide 7: Example: